Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien
TITUS	BIBLIOGRAPHIA
DATABASE ENTRY: ENCODING

For the purpose of cross-platform compatibility, input in the query forms is restricted to plain ASCII encoding. This means that only numbers from 0 to 9 and characters from A to Z can be entered as such (cp. the following table).

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s

t

u

v

w

x

y

z

All other characters must be transcribed and, when diacritics are involved, encoded as sequences of characters with special symbols according to the following tables:

Name	Symbol	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Transcription
Acute	́	'		Grave	̀	`
Tilde	̃	~		Diaeresis (Trema)	̈	+
Macron above	̄	=		Circumflex (Caret)	̂	^
Macron below	̱	_		Hacek	̌	$
Breve	̆	&		Half circle below	̯	#
Dot or ring above	̇, ̊	@		Dot or ring below	̣, ̥	%
Slash or bar	̸, ̵	/		Cedilla or Ogonek	̧, ̨	|

The following special characters must be encoded using the backslash as an escape character:

Name	Symbol	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Transcription
AE ligature	Æ	\AE		ae ligature	æ	\ae
OE ligature	Œ	\OE		oe ligature	œ	\oe
Schwa (inverted e)	ə	\e		eng	ŋ	\n
superscript v (labialization mark)	v	\v		superscript u (labialization mark)	u	\u
beta (bilabial voiced spirant)	β	\b		gamma (velar voiced spirant)	γ	\g
delta (dental voiced spirant)	δ	\d		theta (dental voiceless spirant)	ϑ	\v
thorn	þ	\t		hv ligature	ƕ	\hv

Examples:
Kuryłowicz	Müller	Ṛgveda	Śatapathabrāhmaṇa	Kāṭhaka-Saṁhitā
must be encoded as
Kuryl/owicz	Mu+ller	R%gveda	S'atapathabra=hman%a	Ka=t%haka-Sam@hita=

Greek characters must be transcribed with a leading left brace in the following way:

Single characters:

Name	Majuscle	Transcription	Minuscle	Transcription		Name	Majuscle	Transcription	Minuscle	Transcription
alpha	Α	{A	α	{a		beta	Β	{B	β	{b
gamma	Γ	{G	γ	{g		delta	Δ	{D	δ	{d
epsilon	Ε	{E	ε	{e		digamma	Ϝ	{V	Ϝ	{v
zeta	Ζ	{Z	ζ	{z		{eta	Η	{H	η	h
theta	Θ	{Q	θ	{q		iota	Ι	{I	ι	{i
kappa	Κ	{K	κ	{k		lambda	Λ	{L	λ	{l
mu	Μ	{M	μ	{m		nu	Ν	{N	ν	{n
xi	Ξ	{C	ξ	{c		omicron	Ο	{O	ο	{o
pi	Π	{P	π	{p		rho	Ρ	{R	ρ	{r
sigma	Σ	{S	σ	{s		sigma (final)			ς	{j
tau	Τ	{T	τ	{t		upsilon	Υ	{U	υ	{u
phi	Φ	{F	φ	{f		chi	Χ	{X	χ	{x
psi	Ψ	{Y	ψ	{y		omega	Ω	{W	ω	{w

Diacritics must be added directly to the character they belong to:

Name	Symbol	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Transcription
Spiritus lenis (Psili)	̕	)		Spiritus asper (Dasia)	̔	(
Acute (Oxia / Tonos)	́	'		Grave (Varia)	̀	`
Circumflex (Perispomeni)	̃	~		Diaeresis (Trema, Dialytika)	̈	+
Iota subscriptum (Ypogegrammeni)	ι	|

Examples:

ὠ

ὡ

ώ

ὼ

ῶ

ὤ

ὢ

ὦ

ὥ

ὣ

ὧ

ᾠ

ᾡ

ῴ

ῲ

ῷ

ᾤ

ᾢ

ᾦ

ᾥ

ᾣ

ᾧ

must be encoded as

{w)

{w(

{w'

{w`

{w~

{w)'

{w)`

{w)~

{w('

{w(`

{w(~

{w)|

{w(|

{w'|

{w`|

{w~|

{w)'|

{w)`|

{w)~|

{w('|

{w(`|

{w(~|

Stand-alone diacritics must be combined with a leading left brace:

Name	Symbol	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Transcription
Spiritus lenis (Psili)	᾽	{)		Spiritus asper (Dasia)	῾	{(
Spiritus lenis with Acute (Psili with Oxia / Tonos)	῎	{)'		Spiritus asper with Grave (Dasia with Oxia / Tonos)	῞	{)`
Spiritus lenis with Grave (Psili with Varia)	῍	{('		Spiritus asper with Grave (Dasia with Varia)	῝	{(`
Spiritus lenis with Circumflex (Psili with Perispomeni)	῏	{)~		Spiritus asper with Circumflex (Dasia with Perispomeni)	῟	{(~

Textual example:
ἄνδρα	μοι	ἔννεπε	Μοῦσα	πολύτροπον	ὃς	μάλα	πολλά
must be encoded as
{a)/{n{d{r{a	{m{o{i	{e)/{n{n{e{p{e	{M{o{u={s{a	{p{o{l{u/{t{r{o{p{o{n	{o(\{j	{m{a/{l{a	{p{o{l{l{a/

Cyrillic elements of bibliographical data must be transcribed using the following latin equivalents:

Name	Symbol	Equivalent	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Equivalent	Transcription
A	А	A	A		a	а	a	a
B	Б	B	B		b	б	b	b
V	В	V	V		v	в	v	v
G	Г	G	G		g	г	g	g
D	Д	D	D		d	д	d	d
E (YE)	Е	E	E		e (ye)	е	e	e
YO	Ё	Ë	E+		yo	ё	ë	e+
ZHe	Ж	Ž	Z$		zhe	ж	ž	z$
ZE (stimmh. S)	З	Z	Z		ze (stimmh. s)	з	z	z
I	И	I	I		i	и	i	i
I kratkoe (J)	Й	J	J		i kratkoe (j)	й	j	j
KA	К	K	K		ka	к	k	k
EL	Л	L	L		el	л	l	l
EM	М	M	M		em	м	m	m
EN	Н	N	N		en	н	n	n
O	О	O	O		o	о	o	o
PE	П	P	P		pe	п	p	p
ER	Р	R	R		er	р	r	r
ES	С	S	S		es	с	s	s
TE	Т	T	T		te	т	t	t
U	У	U	U		u	у	u	u
EF	Ф	F	F		ef	ф	f	f
XA	Х	X	X		xa	х	x	x
CE	Ц	C	C		ce	ц	c	c
CHE	Ч	Č	C$		che	ч	č	c$
SHA	Ш	Š	S$		sha	ш	š	s$
SHCHA	Щ	ŠČ	S$C$		shcha	щ	šč	s$c$
ER (HARD SIGN)	Ъ	"	\"		er (hard sign)	ъ	"	\"
ERY	Ы	Y	Y		ery	ы	y	y
SOFT SIGN	Ь	'	\'		soft sign	ь	'	\'
REVERSED E	Э	È	E@		reversed e	э	è	e@
YU	Ю	JU	JU		yu	ю	ju	ju
YA	Я	JA	JA		ya	я	ja	ja
Ukrainian HARD G	Ґ	G	G		Ukrainian hard g	ґ	g	g
Serbian SOFT DJ	Ђ	Đ	D/		Serbian soft dj	ђ	đ	d/
Macedonian SOFT DJ	Ѓ	Ǵ	G'		Macedonian soft dj	ѓ	ǵ	g'
Ukrainian YE	Є	JE	JE		Ukrainian ye	є	je	je
Macedonian ZELO (S)	Ѕ	DZ	DZ		Macedonian zelo (s)	ѕ	dz	dz
Ukrainian I	І	Ì	I`		Ukrainian i	і	ì	i`
Ukrainian YI (I with diaeresis)	Ї	Ï	I+		Ukrainian yi (i with diaeresis)	ї	ï	i+
Serbian, Macedonian YE	Ј	J	J		Serbian, Macedonian ye	ј	j	j
Serbian, Macedonian SOFT L	Љ	LJ	LJ		Serbian, Macedonian soft l	љ	lj	lj
Serbian, Macedonian SOFT N	Њ	NJ	NJ		Serbian, Macedonian soft n	њ	nj	nj
Serbian SOFT T	Ћ	Ć	C'		Serbian soft t	ћ	ć	c'
Macedonian SOFT K	Ќ	Ḱ	K'		Macedonian soft k	ќ	ḱ	k'
Byelorussian SHORT U (U Breve)	Ў	Ŭ	U&		Byelorussian short u (u breve)	ў	ŭ	u&
Serbian DZH	Џ	DŽ	DZ$		Serbian dzh	џ	dž	dz$
Church Slavonic YAT	Ѣ	Ě	E$		Church Slavonic yat	ѣ	ě	e$

Examples:
Трубачев	Мещанинов	Продолжение	Этимология	Караџић
are represented in the database as
Trubačev	Meščaninov	Prodolženie	Ètimologija	Karadžić
and must be encoded as
Trubac$ev	Mes$c$aninov	Prodolz$enie	E`timologija	Karadz$ic'

Objects of linguistic investigation that are written in Cyrillic in titles are encoded using the right brace as an escape character; cp. the following table:

Name	Symbol	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Transcription
A	А	}A		a	а	}a
B	Б	}B		b	б	}b
V	В	}V		v	в	}v
G	Г	}G		g	г	}g
D	Д	}D		d	д	}d
E (YE)	Е	}E (YE)		e (ye)	е	}e (ye)
YO	Ё	}E+		yo	ё	}e+
ZHe	Ж	}\Z		zhe	ж	}\z
ZE (stimmh. S)	З	}Z		ze (stimmh. s)	з	}z
I	И	}I		i	и	}i
I kratkoe (J)	Й	}I&		i kratkoe (j)	й	}i&
KA	К	}K		ka	к	}k
EL	Л	}L		el	л	}l
EM	М	}M		em	м	}m
EN	Н	}N		en	н	}n
O	О	}O		o	о	}o
PE	П	}P		pe	п	}p
ER	Р	}R		er	р	}r
ES	С	}S		es	с	}s
TE	Т	}T		te	т	}t
U	У	}U		u	у	}u
EF	Ф	}F		ef	ф	}f
XA	Х	}X		xa	х	}x
CE	Ц	}C		ce	ц	}c
CHE	Ч	}Q		che	ч	}q
SHA	Ш	}W		sha	ш	}w
SHCHA	Щ	}\W		shcha	щ	}\w
YER (HARD SIGN)	Ъ	}\H		yer (hard sign)	ъ	}\h
ERY	Ы	}Y		ery	ы	}y
SOFT SIGN	Ь	}H		soft sign	ь	}h
REVERSED E	Э	}\E		reversed e	э	}\e
YU	Ю	}\U		yu	ю	}\u
YA	Я	}\A		ya	я	}\a
Ukrainian HARD G	Ґ	}\G		Ukrainian hard g	ґ	}\g
Serbian SOFT DJ	Ђ	}\D		Serbian soft dj	ђ	}\d
Macedonian SOFT DJ	Ѓ	}G'		Macedonian soft dj	ѓ	}g'
Ukrainian YE	Є	}\Y		Ukrainian ye	є	}\y
Macedonian ZELO (S)	Ѕ	}\S		Macedonian zelo (s)	ѕ	}\s
Ukrainian I	І	}\I		Ukrainian i	і	}\i
Ukrainian YI (I with diaeresis)	Ї	}\I+		Ukrainian yi (i with diaeresis)	ї	}\i+
Serbian, Macedonian YE	Ј	}J		Serbian, Macedonian ye	ј	}j
Serbian, Macedonian SOFT L	Љ	}\L		Serbian, Macedonian soft l	љ	}\l
Serbian, Macedonian SOFT N	Њ	}\N		Serbian, Macedonian soft n	њ	}\n
Serbian SOFT T	Ћ	}\T		Serbian soft t	ћ	}\t
Macedonian SOFT K	Ќ	}\K		Macedonian soft k	ќ	}\k
Byelorussian SHORT U (U Breve)	Ў	}U&		Byelorussian short u (u breve)	ў	}u&
Serbian DZH	Џ	}\C		Serbian dzh	џ	}\c
Church Slavonic YAT	Ѣ	}\B		Church Slavonic yat	ѣ	}\b
Church Slavonic FITA	Ѳ	}\F		Church Slavonic fita	ѳ	}\f
Church Slavonic IZ�ICA	}Ѵ	}\V		Church Slavonic izhica	}ѵ	}\v

Examples:
Крым	что	щи	девяносто	по-
must be encoded as
}K}r}y}m	}q}t}o	}\w}i	}d}e}v}\a}n}o}s}t}o	}p}o-

Georgian elements must be transcribed using the following latin equivalents:

Name	Symbol	Equivalent	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Equivalent	Transcription
ani	ა	a	a		bani	ბ	b	b
gani	გ	g	g		doni	დ	d	d
eni	ე	e	e		vini	ვ	v	v
zeni	ზ	z	z		ey	ჱ	ē	e=
tani	თ	t	t		ini	ი	i	i
k'ani	კ	ḳ	k%		lasi	ლ	l	l
mani	მ	m	m		y	ჲ	y	y
nari	ნ	n	n		oni	ო	o	o
p'ari	პ	ṗ	p%		zhani	ჟ	ž	z$
rae	რ	r	r		sani	ს	s	s
t'ari	ტ	ṭ	t%		uni	უ	u	u
w	ჳ	w	w		pari	ფ	p	p
kani	ქ	k	k		ghani	ღ	ġ	g@
q'ari	ყ	q̇	q%		shini	შ	š	s$
chini	ჩ	č	c$		cani	ც	c	c
dzili	ძ	dz	dz		c'ili	წ	c̣	c%
ch'ari	ჭ	č̣	c$%		xani	ხ	x	x
q	ჴ	q	q		dzhani	ჯ	dž	dz$
hae	ჰ	h	h		hoe	ჵ	ō	o=

Examples:
შანიძე	ჯავახიშვილი	ლექსიკონი	ტექსტები	ვეფხისტყაოსანი
are represented in the database as
Šanidze	Džavaxišvili	leksiḳoni	ṭeksṭebi	vepxisṭq̇aosani
and must be encoded as
S$anidze	Dz$avaxis$vili	leksik%oni	t%ekst%ebi	vepxist%q%aosani

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written by JG ,

7.3.2000