Stem: (*ph2tér- >) *pə2tér- "father" | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | ||||||||||||
Case | Old Indic | Avestan1 | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | pitā́ | ptā, tā | πατήρ | hayr | patĕr ! | ath(a)ir | fater | (otĭcĭ) | (tėvas) | pācer | *pə2tḗr | |
Voc. | pítar | *pitarə | πάτερ | pater | ath(a)ir | fater | *pə́2ter | |||||
Acc. | pitáram | ptarə̄m | πατέρα | patrem | ath(a)ir | fater | pātär | *pə2térṃ | ||||
Loc. | pitári | **ptari ? | πατρί (πατέρι !) | hawr | patrĕ ! (> Abl.) | ath(a)ir (= Dat.) | / | *pə2téri | ||||
Gen. | pitúr | **ptərəš | πατρός (πατέρος) | hawr | patris | athar | fater (fateres) | pātri | *pə2tré/ós | |||
Abl. | (hawrē) | |||||||||||
Dat. | pitré | fəδrōi, piϑrē | hawr | patrī | ath(a)ir | fater (fatere) | *pə2tréi̯ | |||||
Instr. | pitrā́ | **fəδrā | harb | / | *pə2trḗ |
Plural | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Old Indic | altAvestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | pitáras | *ptarō | πατέρες | harkՙ | patrēs | a(i)thir | *fater (fatera) | (pā̆cera) / pātärñ) | *pə2téres | |||
Voc. | pítaras | **pitarō | πατέρες | *a(i)thr(e)a | *fater (fatera) | *pə́2teres? | ||||||
Acc. | pitṝ́n | **ptərąs(-cā) | πατέρας | hars | *fater (fatera) | (pā̆cera / pātärñ) | *pə2tṛ́ns? | |||||
Loc. | pitṛ́ṣu | **ptərəšū | πατράσι | hars | / | *pə2tṛsú | ||||||
Gen. | (pitṝṇā́m) | *fəδrąm | (πατέρων/ πατρῶν) | harcՙ | patrum | aithre | fatero | (paceraṃs/ pātärntso) | *pə2tróm | |||
Abl. | pitṛ́bhyas | *ptərəbiiō | patribus | a(i)thr(a)ib | faterum | / | *pə2tṛbhi̯ós | |||||
Dat. | ||||||||||||
Instr. | pitṛ́bhis | **ptərəbīš | harbkՙ | / | *pə2tṛbhís |
Dual | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Old Indic | Avestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | pitárā / pitárau | **ptarā/ *ptarō? | *πατ(έ)ρε? | *athir | pācere | *pə2térh1e? | ||||||
Voc. | ||||||||||||
Acc. | ||||||||||||
Loc. | pitṛrós | *ptarō | *pə2tṛh1óu? | |||||||||
Gen. | pitṛrós | *ptarå̄? | πατροῖν | athar | *pə2tṛh1óu̯s? | |||||||
Abl. | pitṛ́bhyām | *ptərəbiiā | *a(i)thr(a)ib | *pə2tṛbhi̯ṓm? | ||||||||
Dat. | ||||||||||||
Instr. |
Stem: (*meh2tér- >) *mātér- (/ *mā́ter-) "mother" | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | ||||||||||||
Case | Old Indic | Avestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | mātā́ | *mātā | μήτηρ | mayr | mātĕr ! | máth(a)ir | muoter | mati | mótė | mācer | *mātḗr | |
Voc. | mā́tar | *mātarə ? | μῆτερ | māter | máth(a)ir | muoter | mati | mótė | *mā́ter | |||
Acc. | mātáram | *mātarəm | μητέρα | mātrem | máth(a)ir | muoter | materĭ | móterį | mātär | *mātérṃ | ||
Loc. | mātári | **mātari ? | μητρί (μητέρι !) | mawr | mātrĕ ! (> Abl.) | *máth(a)ir (= Dat.) | materi | móteryje | / | *mātéri | ||
Gen. | mātúr | **mātərəš | μητρός (μητέρος) | mawr | mātris | máthar | muoter | matere | móteres | mātri | *mātré/ós | |
Abl. | mawrē p; mātri | |||||||||||
Dat. | mātré | *māϑrē | mawr | mātrī | *máth(a)ir | muoter | materi | móteri | (= Gen.) | *mātréi̯ | ||
Instr. | mātrā́ | **māϑrā | marb | materĭjǫ | móterimi | / | *mātrḗ |
Plural | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Old Indic | Avestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | mātáras | *mātarō | μητέρες | markՙ | mātrēs | má(i)thir | muoter | materi | móteres | mācera | *mātéres | |
Voc. | *mā́taras | mātarō | μητέρες | máithre | muoter | materi | móteres | *mā́teres? | ||||
Acc. | mātṝ́s | mātərąs(-cā) | μητέρας | mars | muoter | materi | móteris | mācera | *mātṛ́ns? | |||
Loc. | mātṛ́ṣu | **mātərəšū | μητράσι | mars | *materĭxŭ | móteriseis | / | *mātṛsú | ||||
Gen. | (mātṝṇā́m) | *māϑrąm | μητέρων (*μητρῶν) | marcՙ | mātrum | *máithre | muotero | materŭ | móterų | *mātärnts | *mātróm | |
Abl. | mātṛ́bhyas | *mātərəbiiō | mātribus | *máthrib | muoterum | materĭmŭ | móterimus | / | *mātṛbhi̯ós | |||
Dat. | ||||||||||||
Instr. | mātṛ́bhis | **mātərəbīš | marbkՙ | materĭmi | móterimis | / | *mātṛbhís |
Dual | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Old Indic | Avestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | mātárā / mātárau | **mātarā/ *mātarō? | *μητ(έ)ρε? | *máthir | *materi | *móteri | *mātérh1e? | |||||
Voc. | ||||||||||||
Acc. | ||||||||||||
Loc. | mātṛrós | *mātarō | *materu | *mātṛh1óu? | ||||||||
Gen. | mātṛrós | *mātarå̄? | μητροῖν | *máthar | *materu | *mātṛh1óu̯s? | ||||||
Abl. | mātṛ́bhyām | *mātərəbiiā | *má(i)thrib | *materĭma | **móterim | *mātṛbhi̯ṓm? | ||||||
Dat. | **mācere | |||||||||||
Instr. | **móterim |
Stem: (*bʰréh2ter- >) *bʰrā́ter-) "brother" | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | ||||||||||||
Case | Old Indic | altAvestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | bhrā́tā | brātā | (ϕρᾱτήρ) | ełbayr | frātĕr ! | bráth(a)ir | bruoder | (bratrŭ / bratŭ) | (brólis) | procer | *bʰrā́tēr | |
Voc. | bhrā́tar | *brātarə ? | frāter | bráth(a)ir | bruoder | (brólis) | procer | *bʰrā́ter | ||||
Acc. | bhrā́taram | *brātarəm | frātrem | bráth(a)ir | bruoder | protär | *bʰrā́terṃ | |||||
Loc. | bhrā́tari | **brātari ? | ełbawr | frātrĕ ! (> Abl.) | bráth(a)ir (= Dat.) | / | *bʰrā́teri | |||||
Gen. | bhrā́tur | **brātərəš | ełbawr | frātris | bráthar | bruoder | protri | *bʰrā́tre/os | ||||
Abl. | (ełbawrē) ;(brólis) | |||||||||||
Dat. | bhrā́tre | *brāϑrē | ełbawr | frātrī | bráth(a)ir | bruoder | (= Gen.) | *bʰrā́trei̯ | ||||
Instr. | bhrā́trā | **brāϑrā | ełbarb | / | *bʰrā́trē |
Plural | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Old Indic | altAvestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | bhrā́taras | *brātarō | ełbarkՙ | frātrēs | brá(i)thir | bruoder | (procera) | *bʰrā́teres | ||||
Voc. | bhrā́taras | *brātarō | bráithre | bruoder | *bʰrā́teres? | |||||||
Acc. | bhrā́tṝn | **brātərąs | ełbars | bruoder | (procera) | *bʰrā́tṛns? | ||||||
Loc. | bhrā́tṛṣu | **brātərəšū | ełbars | / | *bʰrā́tṛsu | |||||||
Gen. | (bhrā́tṛṇām) | *brāϑrąm | ełbarcՙ | frātrum | bráithrea | bruodero | protärnts | *bʰrā́trom | ||||
Abl. | bhrā́tṛbhyas | *brātərəbiiō | frātribus | bráthrib / bráthr(a)ib | bruoderum | / | *bʰrā́tṛbhi̯ós | |||||
Dat. | ||||||||||||
Instr. | bhrā́tṛbhis | **brātərəbīš | ełbarbkՙ | / | *bʰrā́tṛbhis |
Dual | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Old Indic | Avestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | bhrā́tarā / bhrā́tarau | **brātarā/ *brātarō? | *bráthir | **procere | *bʰrā́terh1e? | |||||||
Voc. | ||||||||||||
Acc. | ||||||||||||
Loc. | bhrā́tṛros | *brātarō | *bʰrā́tṛh1ou? | |||||||||
Gen. | bhrā́tṛros | *brātarå̄? | *bráthar | *bʰrā́tṛh1ou̯s? | ||||||||
Abl. | bhrā́tṛbhyām | *brātərəbiiā | *bráithrib / *bráthr(a)ib | *bʰrā́tṛbhi̯ōm? | ||||||||
Dat. | ||||||||||||
Instr. |
Stem: (*dʰugh2tér- >) *dʰugə2tér- "daughter" | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | ||||||||||||
Case | Old Indic | altAvestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | duhitā́ | dugdā | ϑυγάτηρ | dowstr | (fīliā) | (ingen) | tohter | dŭšti | duktė̃ | tkācer | *dʰugə2tḗr | |
Voc. | duhitar | *dugdarə | ϑύγατερ | tohter | dŭšti | (dukteriẽ) | *dʰúgə2ter | |||||
Acc. | duhitáram | *dugdarə̄m | ϑυγατέρα (/ ϑύγατρα) | tohter | dŭšterĭ | dùkterį̃ | > | *dʰugə2térṃ | ||||
Loc. | duhitári | **dugdari ? | *ϑυγατέρι (/ ϑυγατρί) | dster | dŭšteri | dukteryjè | / | *dʰugə2téri | ||||
Gen. | duhitúr | **dugdərəš | ϑυγατρός (ϑυγατέρος) | dster | tohter | dŭštere | dukter̃s | tkātre | *dʰugə2tré/ós | |||
Abl. | (dsterē) ; tkātre | |||||||||||
Dat. | duhitré | *dugdrē | dster | tohter | dŭšteri | dùkteriai | (= Gen.) | *dʰugə2tréi̯ | ||||
Instr. | duhitrā́ | *dugdrā | dsterb | dŭšterĭjǫ | dukterimì | / | *dʰugə2trḗ |
Plural | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Old Indic | altAvestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | duhitáras | *dugdarō | ϑυγατέρες | dsterkՙ | *tohter (/tohterâ) | dŭšteri | dùkterys | (tkā̆cera) / tkātärñ) | *dʰugə2téres | |||
Voc. | duhitaras | **dugdarō | ϑυγατέρες (/ ϑύγατρες) | *tohter (/tohterâ) | dŭšteri | dùkterys | *dʰúgə2teres? | |||||
Acc. | duhitṝ́s | **dugdrąs | ϑυγατέρας (/ ϑύγατρας) | dsters | *tohter (/tohterâ) | dŭšteri | dùkteris | (tkā̆cera / tkātärñ) | *dʰugə2tṛ́ns? | |||
Loc. | duhitṛ́ṣu | **dugdərəšū | ϑυγατράσι | dsters | *dŭšterĭxŭ | dukterysè | / | *dʰugə2tṛsú | ||||
Gen. | (duhitṝṇā́m) | dugdrąm | ϑυγατρῶν /*ϑυγατέρων | dsteracՙ | tohtero (/tohterôn) | dŭšterŭ | dukterų̃ | (tkātärts) | *dʰugə2tróm | |||
Abl. | duhitṛ́bhyas | **dugdərəbiiō | tohterum (/tohterûn) | dŭšterĭmŭ | dukterìms | / | *dʰugə2tṛbhi̯ós | |||||
Dat. (tkā̆c | ||||||||||||
Instr. | duhitṛ́bhis | **dugdərəbīš | dsterbkՙ | dŭšterĭmi | dukterimìs | / | *dʰugə2tṛbhís |
Dual | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Old Indic | Avestan | Greek | Armenian | Latin | Old Irish | OHG | OCS | Lithuanian | Hittite | Toch. B | PIE |
Nom. | duhitárā / duhitárau | **dugdarā/ *dugdarō? | ϑυγατ(έ)ρε | *dŭšteri | *tkācere | *dʰugə2térh1e? | ||||||
Voc. | ||||||||||||
Acc. | ||||||||||||
Loc. | duhitṛrós | *dugdarō | ϑυγατροῖν (/ϑυγατέροιν) | *dŭšteru | *dʰugə2tṛh1óu? | |||||||
Gen. | duhitṛrós | *dugdarå̄? | *dŭšteru | *dʰugə2tṛh1óu̯s? | ||||||||
Abl. | duhitṛ́bhyām | *dugdərəbiiā | *dŭšterĭma | *dʰugə2tṛbhi̯ṓm? | ||||||||
Dat. | ||||||||||||
Instr. |