TITUS Didactica: Old Irish Verb Inflection

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TITUS	DIDACTICA

Indogermanische Völker und Sprachen / Indo-European Peoples and Languages
Old Irish Verb Inflection

The categories of the Old Irish verb:

Diatheses (genera verbi):
Active	Passive	(Deponent)

Moods:
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative

Moods:
Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative

Tenses:
Present Imperfect Future Preterite

Tenses:
Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite

Persons and Numbers:

Singular Plural (including dual)
1.Person 2.Person 3.Person 1.Person 2.Person 3.Person

Persons and Numbers:
Singular	Plural (including dual)
1.Person	2.Person	3.Person	1.Person	2.Person	3.Person

Distribution of tense and mood categories according to stem formation:
Present stem Subjunctive stem Future stem Preterite stem Passive stem
Present indicative ("present") Present subjunctive Future Preterite active / deponent ("preterite indicative") Preterite passive
Imperfect Past subjunctive Conditional ("secondary future")
Imperative

Distribution of tense and mood categories according to stem formation:
Present stem	Subjunctive stem	Future stem	Preterite stem	Passive stem
Present indicative ("present")	Present subjunctive	Future	Preterite active / deponent ("preterite indicative")	Preterite passive
Imperfect	Past subjunctive	Conditional ("secondary future")
Imperative

Present stem formation types:
Primary ("strong") verbs Secondary ("weak") verbs
BI: -e- (thematic) BII: -(e)i̯e- BIII: nasal infix BIV: -na- BV: -ne- AI: a- AII: i- AIII: "hiatus" stems

Present stem formation types:
Primary ("strong") verbs	Secondary ("weak") verbs
BI: -e- (thematic)	BII: -(e)i̯e-	BIII: nasal infix	BIV: -na-	BV: -ne-	AI: a-	AII: i-	AIII: "hiatus" stems

Types of verbal forms:
absolute (relative) conjunct
prototonic deuterotonic

Types of verbal forms:
absolute	(relative)	conjunct
prototonic	deuterotonic

1. Paradigm A I: móraimm / móraid "enlarge" (denomative of már, mór "big")
Category	Type	1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Present	absolute	mór(a)im(m)	mór(a)i	mór(a)id	mórth(a)ir	mórm(a)i	mórth(a)e	mór(a)it	mór(a)itir
	relative			móras(s)	mórthar	mórm(a)e		mórt(a)e	móratar
	conjunct	·mór(a)im(m)	·mór(a)i	·móra	·mórthar	·móram	·mór(a)id	·mórat	·móratar
Present subjunctive	absolute	móra	mór(a)e	mór(a)id	mórth(a)ir	mórm(a)i	mórth(a)e	mór(a)it	mórt(a)ir
	relative			móras(s)	mórthar	mórm(a)e		mórt(a)e	mórtar
	conjunct	·mór	·mór(a)e	·móra	·mórthar	·móram	·mór(a)id	·mórat	·mórtar
Imperative	absolute		mór	mórad	mórthar	móram	mór(a)id	mórat	mórtar

Imperfect	conjunct	·mór(a)in(n)	*·mórtha	·mórad	·mórth(a)e	·mórm(a)is	*·mórth(a)e	·mórt(a)is	·mórt(a)is
Past subjunctive	conjunct	·mór(a)in(n)	·mórtha	·mórad	·mórth(a)e	·mórm(a)is	·mórth(a)e	·mórt(a)is	·mórt(a)is

Future	absolute	*móirfea	*móirfe	*móirfid	*móirfidir	*móirfimmi	*móirfide	*móirfit	*móirfitir
	relative			*móirfes	*móirfider	*móirfimme		*móirfite	*móirfiter
	conjunct	*·móiriub	*·móirfe	*·móirfea	*·móirfider	*·móirfem	*·móirfid	*·móirfet	*·móirfetar
Conditional	conjunct	*·móirfin(n)	*·móirfeda	*·móirfed	*·móirfide	*·móirfimmi	*·móirfide	*·móirfitis	*·móirfitis

Preterite	absolute	*mórsu	*mórs(a)i	mór(a)is	mórth(a)e	*mórsaimmi	??	*mórsait	*mórth(a)i
	relative			*móras	mórth(a)e	*mórsaimme		*mórsite
	conjunct	·mórus	·mór(a)is	·mór	·mórad	·mórsam	·mórs(a)id	·mórsat	·mórtha

2. Paradigm A II: lé(i)cimm "let loose"
Category	Type	1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Present	absolute	lécim(m)	léci	lécid	léicthir	léicmi	léicthe	lécit	*lécitir
	relative			léces(s)	léicther	léicme		léicte	*lécetar
	conjunct	·lécim(m)	·léci	·léca	·léicther	·lécem	·lécid	·lécet	*·lécetar
Present subjunctive	absolute	lécea	léce	lécid	*léicthir	léicmi	léicthe	lécit	*léictir
	relative			léces(s)	*léicthar	léicme		léicte	*léicter
	conjunct	·léic	·léce	·lécea	*·léicther	·lécem	·lécid	·lécet	*·léicter
Imperative	absolute		léic	léced	*léicther	lécem	lécid	lécet	*léicter

Imperfect	conjunct	*·lécin(n)	*·léicthea	*·léced	*·léicthe	*·léicmis	*·léicthe	*·léictis	*·léictis
Past subjunctive	conjunct	*·lécin(n)	*·léicthea	*·léced	*·léicthe	*·léicmis	*·léicthe	*·léictis	*·léictis

Future	absolute	léicfea	léicfe	léicfid	léicfidir	léicfimmi	*léicfide	léicfit	léicfitir
	relative			léicfes(s)	léicfider	léicfimme		léicfite	léicfiter
	conjunct	·léiciub	·léicfe	·léicfea	·léicfider	·léicfem	*·léicfid	·léicfet	·léicfiter
Conditional	conjunct	·léicfin(n)	·léicfeda	·léicfed	·léicfide	·léicfimmiss	*léicfide	·léicfitis	·léicfitis

Preterite	absolute	*léicsiu	*léicsi	*lécis	léicthe	*léicsimmi	??	*léicsit	*léicthi
	relative			*léces	léicthe	*léicsimme		*léicsite
	conjunct	·léicius	·léicis	·léic(i)	·léiced	·léicsem	·léicsid	·léicset	·léicthea

3. Deponential paradigm A I: labrithir "speak"
Category	Type	1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Present	absolute	*labrur	labrither	labrithir		labrimmir	labrithe	labritir
	relative			labrathar		labrammar		labratar
	conjunct	·labrur	·labrither	·labrathar		·labrammar	·labraid	·labratar
Present subjunctive	absolute	labrar	labrither	labrithir		labrimmir	labrithe	labritir
	relative			labrathar		labrammar		labratar
	conjunct	·labrar	·labrither	·labrathar		·labrammar	labriad	labratar
Imperative	absolute		labrithe	labrad			labraid	labratar

Imperfect	conjunct	·labrain(n)	*·labratha	*·labrad	*·labrath(a)e	*·labram(a)is	*·labrath(a)e	*·labrat(a)is	*·labart(a)is*
Past subjunctive	conjunct	·labrain(n)	*·labratha	*·labrad	*·labrath(a)e	*·labram(a)is		*·labrat(a)is	*·labart(a)is

Future	absolute
	relative
	conjunct	*·labrafar				·labrafammar		*·labrafatar
Conditional	conjunct			*·labrafed

Preterite	absolute
	relative
	conjunct	*·labrasur	*·labraiser	·labrastar		·labrasammar	·labraisid	·labrasatar

4. Deponential paradigm A II: foil(l)sigidir "clarify" (of foilse "clarity", of follus "clear")
Category	Type	1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Present	absolute	foilsigim	foilsigther	foilsigidir	*foilsigthir*	foilsigmir	foilsigthe	foilsigitir	*foilsigtir*
	relative			foilsigedar	*foilsigther*	foilsigmer		foilsigetar	*foilsigter*
	conjunct	·foilsigur	·foilsigther	·foilsigedar	*·foilsigther*	·foilsigmer	·foilsigid	·foilsigetar	*·foilsigter*
Present subjunctive	absolute	foilsiger	foilsigther	foilsigidir	*foilsigthir*	foilsigmer	foilsigthe	foilsigitir	*foilsigtir*
	relative			foilsigedar	*foilsigther*	foilsigmer		foilsigetar	*foilsigter*
	conjunct	·foilsiger	·foilsigther	·foilsigedar	*·foilsigther*	·foilsigmer	·foilsigid	·foilsigetar	*·foilsigter*
Imperative	absolute		foilsigthe	foilsiged	*foilsigther*		foilsigid	foilsigetar	*foilsigter*

Imperfect	conjunct	·foilsigin(n	·foilsigthea	·foilsiged	*·foilsigthe*	·foilsigmis	·foilsigthe	·foilsigtis	*·foilsigtis*
Past subjunctive	conjunct	·foilsigin(n	·foilsigtheaa	·foilsigtis

Future	absolute	*foilsigfer	*foilsigfider	*foilsigfidir		*foilsigfimmir	*foilsigfide	*foilsigfitir
	relative			**foilsigfedar		*foilsigfemmar		*foilsigfetar
	conjunct	*·foilsigfer	*·foilsigfider	*·foilsigfedar		·foilsigfemmar	*·foilsigfid	*·foilsigfetar
Conditional	conjunct			*·foilsigfed

Preterite	absolute
	relative
	conjunct	·foilsigiur	·foilsigser	·foilsigestar	*·foilsiged*	·foilsigsemmar	·foilsigsid	·foilsigsetar	*·foilsigthea*

Absolute and conjunct forms
	absolute	conjunct
		deuterotonic		prototonic
		root-accent	preverb-accent	prototonic
"carry"	berid	ní·beir
"bring"		do·beir		ní·tabair
"speak"		as·beir		ní·epir
same, "perfective": preverb + ro			as·ru-bart	ní·érbart
"show"			do·ad-bat	ní·tadbat

"prototonic": first preverb in accented position (3)
"deuterotonic": second or no preverb in unaccented position (1)

Elements of absolute and conjunct verbal forms
Type		Slot						Example	Proto-Celtic	Translation
Type		1.	2a	2b	3.	4.	5.	Example	Proto-Celtic	Translation
absolute		√						berid	*béreti-X ?	"he carries"
		√	R					beress	*béret-so(m) ?	"which he carries"
		√3SiA	P					beirthi	*béret-īm ?	"he carries it"
		√is	P					issid	*ésti-tV ??	"is to him"

conjunct-root accent		V,C,ro,no			√			do·beir	*tò-X·béret- ?	"he brings"
		V,C,ro,no	R		√			do·ḃeir	*tò-so·béret- ?	"who brings"
		V,C,ro,no		P	√			do-m·beir	tò-mo(i)·béret- ?	"he brings me"
		V,C,ro,no	R	P	√			as-n-don·berat	*èks-som-do=sno·beront- ?	"what they say of us"
		C	ro		√			*ní-r·gab	*nī̀-ro·gáb- ?	"he did not take"
		V	ro	P	√			ar-ro-t·neithius	*are-ro-tō·netīsū ?	"I expected you (sg.)"

conjunct-preverb accent	(prototonic)	V,C			V	√		ní·eper	*nī̀-X·éks-beret- ?	"he does not say"
		C	ro		V	√		ní-r·epert	nī̀-ro·éks-bert- ?	"he did not say"
		V,C	R		V,ro	√		*nad·r-uc	nè-so-do·ró-unk- ?	"who did not bring"
		V,C		P	V,ro	√		ní·thabur	*nī̀-ī·tó-berō- ?	"I do not bring it"
	(deuterotonic)	V,C	R	P	V,ro	√		ass-id·ru-bart	*èks-so-d=ī·ró-bert- ?	"who said it"
	(prototonic)	V,C	R		V	V,ro	√	ar=na·de-r-naid	*èr=ne-som·dí-ro-gnate- ?	"so that you do not do"
	(prototonic)	V,C		P	V	V,ro	√	du-s·n-deraid	tò-ssum·dí-ro-fíd- ?	"he led to them"
	(deuterotonic)	V,C	R	P	V	V,ro	√

C: conjunct particle (conjunction, negative particle, interrogative particle, preposition joint with R)
V: preverb
ro, no: verbal particle
R: relative particle
P: personal pronoun (also with preposition)
√: verbal root

Infixed and suffixed pronouns
Person	Infixed			Suffixed
Person	A: after do, ro, no, dí, fo, ar; ní etc.	B: after for, etar, fri, con, ad, aith, ess, in, oss	C: after prep. + rel. particles, conjunctions dia, ara, con and interr. in	A: after absolute verbal forms	B: after prep.-acc.	B: after prep.-dat.
1st sg.	-m(m)-^L	-dom-^L, -dum-^L, -tom-^L, -tum-^L, -dam(m)-^L, -tam(m)-^L,	-dom-^L, -dum-^L, -dam(m)-^L	-um	-(u)m(m)	-(i)m
2nd sg.	-t-^L	-tot-^L, -tat-^L, -t-^L	-dat-^L, -dit-^L	-ut	-(u)t(t)	-(i)t
3rd sg. m.	-(a)-^N	-t(a)-^N	-(d)id-^N, -(d)-^N, -da-^N	-i, -it	-s(s), -(i)t, -i, -e	-(d)
3rd sg. n.	-(a)-^L	-t-^L	-(d)id-^L, -(d)-^L	-i, -it	-s(s), -(i)t, -i, -e	-(d)
3rd sg. f.	-s-^N, -s-	-da-^G, -ta-^G	-da-^G	-us	-(a)e	-i
1nd pl.	-n(n)-	-don-, -ton-, tan(n)	-don-, -dun-, -din-, dan(n)	-unn	-(u)nn	-(i)nn
2nd pl.	-b-, -f-	-dob-, -dub-, -tob-, -tof-, -tab-	-dob-, -dub-, -dib-, -dab-	-ib	-(i)b	-(i)b
3rd pl.	-s-^N, -s-	-da-^G, -ta-^G	-da-^G	-us	-u, -o	-(i)b

5. Paradigm B I (no preverb, imperfective, with suppletion): biru/berid "carry" (vn.: brith, breth)
Category	Type	1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Present	absolute	biru	biri	berid	ber(a)ir	berm(a)i	*beirthe	ber(a)it	bert(a)ir
	relativ			beres(s)	berar	berm(a)e		bert(a)e	bertar
	conjunct	·biur	·bir	·beir	·berar	·beram	·berid	·berat	·bertar
Present subjunctive	absolute	bera	ber(a)e	ber(a)id	berth(a)ir	berm(a)i	berth(a)e	ber(a)it	bert(a)ir
	relative			beras(s)	berthar	berm(a)e		bert(a)e	bertar
	conjunct	·ber	·ber(a)e	·bera	·berthar	·beram	·ber(a)id	·berat	·bertar
Imperative	absolute	biur	beir	*bered	berar	beram	berid	berat	bertar

Imperfect	conjunct	·berin(n)		·bered	·berthe	·beirmis		·beirtis	·beirtis
Past subjunctive	conjunct	·ber(a)in(n)	·bertha	·berad	·berth(a)e	·berm(a)is	·berth(a)e	·bert(a)is	·bert(a)is

Future	absolute	béra	ber(a)e	bér(a)id	bérth(a)ir	bérm(a)i	berth(a)e	bér(a)it	bért(a)ir
	relative			béras(s)	bérthar	bérm(a)e		bért(a)e	bértar
	conjunct	·bér	·bér(a)e	·béra	·bérthar	·béram	·bér(a)id	·bérat	·bértar
Conditional	conjunct	·bér(a)in(n)	·bértha	·bérad	·bérth(a)é	·bérm(a)is	·bérth(a)é	·bért(a)is	·bért(a)is

Preterite	absolute			birt	*breth(a)e*			*ber(ta)tar
	relative			berte				ber(ta)tar
	conjunct	·biurt	·birt	·bert	·breth	·bertam(m)ar		·ber(ta)tar	·bretha

6. Paradigm B I (one preverb, imperfective, not suppletive): as·biur / as·beir "say" (lit. "bring out") (vn.: epert)
Category	Type	1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Present	root accent	as·biur	as·bir	as·beir	as·berar	as·beram	as·berid	as·berat	as·bertar
Present	preverb accent	·epur	·epir	·epir	·eperr	·eprem	·eprid	·epret	·epertar
Present subjunctive	root accent	as·ber	as·ber(a)e	as·bera	as·berthar	as·beram	as·ber(a)id	as·berat	as·bertar
Present subjunctive	preverb accent	·eper	·epre	·eprea	·eperthar	·eprem	·eprid	·epret	·epertar
Imperative	preverb accent		epir	epred		eprem	eprid	epret

Imperfect	root accent	as·berin(n)		as·bered	as·berthe	as·beirmis		as·beirtis	as·beirtis
Imperfect	preverb accent	·eprinn	·epertha	·epred	·eperthe	·epermis	·eperthe	·epertis	·epertis
Past subjunctive	root accent	as·ber(a)in(n)	as·bertha	as·berad	as·berth(a)e	as·berm(a)is	as·berth(a)e	as·bert(a)is	as·bert(a)i
Past subjunctive	preverb accent	·eprinn	·epertha	·epred	·eperthae	·epermais	·eperthae	·epertais	·epertais

Future	root accent	as·bér	as·bér(a)e	as·béra	as·bérthar	as·béram	as·bér(a)id	as·bérat	as·bértar
Future	preverb accent	·epér	·epérae	·epéra	·epérthar	·epéram	·epéraid	·epérat	·epértar
Conditional	root accent	as·bér(a)in(n)	as·bértha	as·bérad	as·bérth(a)e	as·bérm(a)is	as·bérth(a)e	as·bért(a)is	as·bért(a)i
Conditional	preverb accent	·epérainn	·epértha	·epérad	·epérthae	·epérmais	·epérthae	·epértais	·epértais

Preterite	root accent	as·biurt	as·birt	as·bert	as·breth	as·bertmar	as·bertaid	as·bertatar	as·bretha
Preterite	preverb accent	·epurt	·epirt	·epert	·epred	*·epertmar	*·epertaid	*·epertatar	·epertha

7. Paradigm B I (one preverb, imperfective, with suppletion): do·biur / do·beir "bring / give" (vn.: tabart)
Category	Type	1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Present	root accent	do·biur	do·bir	do·beir	do·berar	do·beram	do·berid	do·berat	do·bertar
Present	preverb accent	·tabur	·tabair	·tabair	·tabarr	·taibrem	·taibrid	·taibret	·tabartar
Present subjunctive	root accent	do·ber	do·berae	do·bera	do·berthar	do·beram	do·beraid	do·berat	do·bertar
Present subjunctive	preverb accent	·tabar	·taibre	·taibrea	·tabarthar	·taibrem	·taibrid	·taibret	·tabartar
Imperative	preverb accent		tabair	taibred	tabarr	taibrem	taibrid	taibret

Imperfect	preverb accent	do·berin(n)	do·bertha	do·bered	do·berthe	do·bermis	do·berthe	do·bertis	do·bertis
Imperfect	root accent	·taibrinn	·tabartha	·taibred	·tabarthe	·tabarmis	·tabarthe	·tabartis	·tabartis
Past subjunctive	root accent	do·berain(n)	do·bertha	do·berad	do·berthae	do·bermais	do·berthae	do·bertais	do·bertais
Past subjunctive	preverb accent	·taibrinn	·tabartha	·taibred	·tabarthae	·tabarmais	·tabarthae	·tabartais	·tabartais

Future	root accent	do·bér	do·bérae	do·béra	do·bérthar	do·béram	do·béraid	do·bérat	do·bértar
Future	preverb accent	·tibér	·tibérae	·tibéra	·tibérthar	·tibéram	·tibéraid	·tibérat	·tibértar
Conditional	root accent	do·bérain(n)	do·bértha	do·bérad	do·bérthae	do·bérmais	do·bérthae	do·bértais	do·bértais
Conditional	preverb accent	·tibérainn	·tibértha	·tibérad	·tibérthae	·tibérmais	·tibérthae	·tibértais	·tibértais

Preterite	root accent	do·biurt	do·birt	do·bert	do·breth	do·bertmar	do·bertid	do·ber(ta)tar	do·bretha
Preterite	preverb accent	*·tuburt	*·tubirt	·tubart	·tobrad	*·tubartmar	*·tubartaid	·tubartatar	*·tubartha


Category	Type	1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Present	root accent			ro·uc(ca)i
Present	preverb accent			ruc(ca)i				·rucat
Present subjunctive	root accent
Present subjunctive	preverb accent			·ruc(c)a
Imperative	preverb accent			uic (!)

Imperfect	root accent
Imperfect	preverb accent
Past subjunctive	root accent
Past subjunctive	preverb accent				·ructh(a)e				·ruct(a)is

Future	root accent
Future	preverb accent
Conditional	root accent
Conditional	preverb accent

Preterite	root accent	ro·uiccius	*ro·uccis	ro·u(ic)c	ro·ucad				ro·uctha
Preterite	preverb accent			·ruc	·rucad			·rucsat	·ructha


Category	Type	1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Present	root accent			do·uccai
Present	preverb accent			·tuccai	·tucthar
Present subjunctive	root accent	do·uc	do·uccae	do·ucca	do·ucthar	do·uccam	do·uccaid	do·uccat	do·uctar
Present subjunctive	preverb accent	·tuc	·tuccae	·tucca	·tucthar	·tuccam	·tuccaid	·tuccat	·tuctar
Imperative	preverb accent

Imperfect	root accent
Imperfect	preverb accent
Past subjunctive	root accent	do·uccinn	do·uctha	do·uccad	do·ucthae	do·ucmais	do·ucthae	do·uctais	do·uctais
Past subjunctive	preverb accent	·tuccinn	·tuctha	·tuccad	·tucthae	·tucmais	·tucthae	·tuctais	·tuctais

Future	root accent
Future	preverb accent
Conditional	root accent
Conditional	preverb accent

Preterite	root accent	do·uccus	do·uccis	do·u(i)c(cai)	do·uccad	do·uicsem	do·ucsid	do·ucsat	do·uctha
Preterite	preverb accent	·tuccus	·tuccis	·tu(i)(c)c	·tuccad	·tucsam	·tusaid	·tucsat	·tuctha


Category	Type	1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Present	deuterotonic			as·robair
Present	prototonic	·érbur
Present subjunctive	deuterotonic
Present subjunctive	prototonic	·érbar		·érbara	·érbarthar		·érbaraid

Imperative	prototonic

Imperfect	prototonic
Imperfect	deuterotonic
Past subjunctive	deuterotonic			as·robrath				as·robartis
Past subjunctive	prototonic			·érbarad

Future	deuterotonic
Future	prototonic
Conditional	deuterotonic
Conditional	prototonic			·érbarad

Preterite	deuterotonic	as·ruburt	as·rubairt	as·rubart	as·robrad	as·rubartmar	as·rubartaid	as·rubartatar
Preterite	prototonic	·érburt	·érbairt	·érbart	·érbrad	·érbartmar	·érbartaid	·érbartatar

Suffixloses Präteritum
a) reduplizierend mit vollstufiger Wurzel: Aktiv: reg- "herrschen":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·rerag	·rerag	·reraig		·rergammar	*·rerg(a)id	·rergatar

entsprechend ca(i)nid "singt":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·cechan	·cechan	·cechuin		·cechnammar	*·cechn(u)id	·cechnatar

braigid "furzt, blökt": ·bebrag;
cla(i)did "gräbt": ·cechlad;
ma(i)did "bricht (intr.)": ·memad;
nascid "bindet": nenasc; (fo)·gleinn "lernt": ·geglann;
(ad)·greinn "verfolgt": ·gegrann;
sennid "spielt (Instrument)": ·sephann (!);
sligid "fällt": ·selag;
cingid "tritt": ·cechang;
gonaid "erschlägt": gegon;
bruinnid "entspringt": *·bebrann;

-e-

-i-

ligid "leckt": lelag;
nigid "wäscht": ·nenag;
snigid "tropft": ·senag;
(for)·ding "unterdrückt": ·dedag; réd- "fährt": ·rerad;
lingid "springt": leblang (!);
dringid "besteigt": drebraing (!!)

-o-

-u-

(oss-)bond "weist zurück": ·bobad;
bongid "zerbricht": ·bobag;
(in-)loing "vereinigt": ·lolag;

Sonderfälle: (do)·icc "kommt"
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·ánac	·ánac	·án(a)ic		·áncammar	·ánc(a)id	·áncatar

ithid "ißt" (suppletiv!)
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	do·fúad	do·fúad	do·fúaid		*do·fúammar	*do·fúaid	do·fúatar

b) reduplizierend mit schwundstufiger Wurzel: Verben mit -n-Infix: renaid "verkauft":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	relativ			rire
	conjunct	·rer		·rir				*·rerdar

den(a)id "saugt: did;
len(a)id "folgt, hängt an": ·lil;
for·fen "vervollständigt": for·chui (?);

cren(a)id "kauft":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·cér	*·cér	·cíuir

glen(a)id "klebt, steckt fest": ·gíuil;
tlen(a)id: ·ro-t[h]íu[i]l.

Sonderfälle: benaid "schlägt":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute	béo		bí
	relativ
	conjunct							·béotar
	prototon.	·rá[r]ba	·ruba	·rubai		·rubid

·gnin "kennt":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·gén	·gén	·gé(i)uin		·génammar		·génatar

"finden":

		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·fúar		·fúair		·fúaramar		·fúaratar	·fríth

ro·cluinethar "hört" (Semideponens!):
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·cúala	·cúala	·cúal(a)e		·cúalammar	*·cúal(a)id	·cúalatar

c) reduplizierend mit schwundstufiger Wurzel: Medium: gainithir "wird geboren":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·génar	·génar	·gén(a)ir		·génammar	·gén(a)id	·génatar

entsprechend: ·moinethar "denkt":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·ménar	·ménar	·mén(a)ir		·ménammar	·mén(a)id	·ménatar

d) nicht reduplizierend, mit ā-Vokalismus: Aktiv: guidid "bittet":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·gád	·gád	·gáid		·gádammar	*·gádid	·gádatar

techid "läuft": tách;
rethid "rennt": ráth;
figid "webt": fáig;
scochid "fährt ab, endet": scách;

Sonderfall: fe(i)did "geht":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct			·fáid				·fádatar
	prototon.	·coad		·co(a)id		·cómmar (?)		·cótar (?)

e) nicht reduplizierend, mit ā-Vokalismus: Medium: ·láimethar "wagt":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct			·lám(a)ir

daimid "gestattet": ·dámair.

f) nicht reduplizierend, mit ī-Vokalismus: Aktiv: fichid "kämpft":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute			fích
	relativ			fíche	fíchimmir
	conjunct
	prototon.			·ruich

ern(a)id "beschenkt": ·ír;
·fét "zeigt an": ·fíd / ·fiadatar (?)

g) nicht reduplizierend, mit ī-Vokalismus: Medium: midithir "urteilt":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute
	conjunct	·mídar		·míd(a)ir				·mídatar

h) sonstige: téit "gehen":
		1.Sg.	2.Sg.	3.Sg.	3.Sg.Pass.	1.Pl.	2.Pl.	3.Pl.	3.Pl.Pass.
Präteritum	absolute	lod	lod	luid		lodmar		lotar
	relativ			luide
	conjunct	·lod	·lod	·luid		lodmar		lotar

fo·ceird "wirft": fo·caird;
scerdid "kratzt ab": ·scaird u.a.

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Copyright Jost Gippert, Frankfurt 1994-2001. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder. 20.1.2001.