Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien
TITUS	TEXTUS
DATABASE ENTRY: ENCODING

For the purpose of cross-platform compatibility, TITUS uses plain ASCII encoding for input in the query forms. This means that only numbers from 0 to 9 and characters from A to Z can be entered as such (cp. the following table).

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s

t

u

v

w

x

y

z

All other characters must be transcribed and, when diacritics are involved, encoded as sequences of characters with special symbols according to the following tables. Note that diacritics can be ignored throughout.

Name	Symbol	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Transcription
Acute	◌́	'		Grave	◌̀	`
Tilde	◌̃	~		Diaeresis (Trema)	◌̈	+
Macron above	◌̄	=		Circumflex (Caret)	◌̂	^
Macron below	◌̱	_		Hacek	◌̌	$
Breve	◌̆	&		Half circle below	◌̯	#
Dot or ring above	◌̇, ◌̊	@		Dot or ring below	◌̣, ◌̥	%
Slash or bar	◌̸, ◌̵	/		Cedilla or Ogonek	◌̧, ◌̨	|

The following special characters must be encoded using the backslash as an escape character:

Name	Symbol	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Transcription
AE ligature	Æ	\AE		ae ligature	æ	\ae
OE ligature	Œ	\OE		oe ligature	œ	\oe
Schwa (inverted e)	ə	\e		eng	ŋ	\n
superscript h (aspiration mark)	h	\h		superscript j (palatalization mark)	j	\j
superscript v (labialization mark)	v	\v		superscript u (labialization mark)	u	\u
beta (bilabial voiced spirant)	β	\b		gamma (velar voiced spirant)	γ	\g
delta (dental voiced spirant)	δ	\d		theta (dental voiceless spirant)	ϑ	\f
thorn	þ	\t		hv ligature	ƕ	\hv

Examples:
Kuryłowicz	Müller	Ṛgveda	Śatapathabrāhmaṇa	Kāṭhaka-Saṁhitā
must be encoded as
Kuryl/owicz	Mu+ller	R%gveda	S'atapathabra=hman%a	Ka=t%haka-Sam@hita=

Greek characters must be transcribed by Latin ones in the following way:

Single characters:

Name	Majuscle	Transcription	Minuscle	Transcription		Name	Majuscle	Transcription	Minuscle	Transcription
alpha	Α	A	α	a		beta	Β	B	β	b
gamma	Γ	G	γ	g		delta	Δ	D	δ	d
epsilon	Ε	E	ε	e		digamma	Ϝ	V	Ϝ	v
zeta	Ζ	Z	ζ	z		eta	Η	H	η	h
theta	Θ	Q	θ	q		iota	Ι	I	ι	i
kappa	Κ	K	κ	k		lambda	Λ	L	λ	l
mu	Μ	M	μ	m		nu	Ν	N	ν	n
xi	Ξ	C	ξ	c		omicron	Ο	O	ο	o
pi	Π	P	π	p		rho	Ρ	R	ρ	r
sigma	Σ	S	σ	s		sigma (final)			ς	j
tau	Τ	T	τ	t		upsilon	Υ	U	υ	u
phi	Φ	F	φ	f		chi	Χ	X	χ	x
psi	Ψ	Y	ψ	y		omega	Ω	W	ω	w

Diacritics NEED NOT be added. They can be added in the sequence spirit - accent - iota subscriptum by using the following transcriptions:

Name	Symbol	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Transcription
Spiritus lenis (Psili)	◌̕	)		Spiritus asper (Dasia)	◌̔	(
Acute (Oxia / Tonos)	◌́	'		Grave (Varia)	◌̀	`
Circumflex (Perispomeni)	◌̃	~		Diaeresis (Trema, Dialytika)	◌̈	+
Iota subscriptum (Ypogegrammeni)	◌ι	|

Examples:

ὠ

ὡ

ώ

ὼ

ῶ

ὤ

ὢ

ὦ

ὥ

ὣ

ὧ

ᾠ

ᾡ

ῴ

ῲ

ῷ

ᾤ

ᾢ

ᾦ

ᾥ

ᾣ

ᾧ

must be encoded as

w)

w(

w'

w`

w~

w)'

w)`

w)~

w('

w(`

w(~

w)|

w(|

w'|

w`|

w~|

w)'|

w)`|

w)~|

w('|

w(`|

w(~|

Textual example:
ἄνδρα	μοι	ἔννεπε	Μοῦσα	πολύτροπον	ὃς	μάλα	πολλά
must be encoded as
a)/ndra	moi	e)/nnepe	Mou~sa	polu/tropon	o(\j	ma/la	polla/

Cyrillic elements must be transcribed using the following Latin equivalents:

Name	Symbol	Equivalent	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Equivalent	Transcription
A	А	A	A		a	а	a	a
B	Б	B	B		b	б	b	b
V	В	V	V		v	в	v	v
G	Г	G	G		g	г	g	g
D	Д	D	D		d	д	d	d
E (YE)	Е	E	E		e (ye)	е	e	e
YO	Ё	Ë	E+		yo	ё	ë	e+
ZHe	Ж	Ž	Z$		zhe	ж	ž	z$
ZE (stimmh. S)	З	Z	Z		ze (stimmh. s)	з	z	z
I	И	I	I		i	и	i	i
I kratkoe (J)	Й	J	J		i kratkoe (j)	й	j	j
KA	К	K	K		ka	к	k	k
EL	Л	L	L		el	л	l	l
EM	М	M	M		em	м	m	m
EN	Н	N	N		en	н	n	n
O	О	O	O		o	о	o	o
PE	П	P	P		pe	п	p	p
ER	Р	R	R		er	р	r	r
ES	С	S	S		es	с	s	s
TE	Т	T	T		te	т	t	t
U	У	U	U		u	у	u	u
EF	Ф	F	F		ef	ф	f	f
XA	Х	X	X		xa	х	x	x
CE	Ц	C	C		ce	ц	c	c
CHE	Ч	Č	C$		che	ч	č	c$
SHA	Ш	Š	S$		sha	ш	š	s$
SHCHA	Щ	ŠČ	S$C$		shcha	щ	šč	s$c$
ER (HARD SIGN)	Ъ	"	\"		er (hard sign)	ъ	"	\"
ERY	Ы	Y	Y		ery	ы	y	y
SOFT SIGN	Ь	'	\'		soft sign	ь	'	\'
REVERSED E	Э	È	E@		reversed e	э	è	e@
YU	Ю	JU	JU		yu	ю	ju	ju
YA	Я	JA	JA		ya	я	ja	ja
Ukrainian HARD G	Ґ	G	G`		Ukrainian hard g	ґ	g	g`
Serbian SOFT DJ	Ђ	Đ	D/		Serbian soft dj	ђ	đ	d/
Macedonian SOFT DJ	Ѓ	Ǵ	G'		Macedonian soft dj	ѓ	ǵ	g'
Ukrainian YE	Є	JE	JE		Ukrainian ye	є	je	je
Macedonian ZELO (S)	Ѕ	DZ	DZ		Macedonian zelo (s)	ѕ	dz	dz
Ukrainian I	І	Ì	I`		Ukrainian i	і	ì	i`
Ukrainian YI (I with diaeresis)	Ї	Ï	I+		Ukrainian yi (i with diaeresis)	ї	ï	i+
Serbian, Macedonian YE	Ј	J	J`		Serbian, Macedonian ye	ј	j	j`
Serbian, Macedonian SOFT L	Љ	LJ	LJ		Serbian, Macedonian soft l	љ	lj	lj
Serbian, Macedonian SOFT N	Њ	NJ	NJ		Serbian, Macedonian soft n	њ	nj	nj
Serbian SOFT T	Ћ	Ć	C'		Serbian soft t	ћ	ć	c'
Macedonian SOFT K	Ќ	Ḱ	K'		Macedonian soft k	ќ	ḱ	k'
Byelorussian SHORT U (U Breve)	Ў	Ŭ	U&		Byelorussian short u (u breve)	ў	ŭ	u&
Serbian DZH	Џ	DŽ	DZ$		Serbian dzh	џ	dž	dz$
Church Slavonic YAT	Ѣ	Ě	E$		Church Slavonic yat	ѣ	ě	e$

Examples:
Трубачев	Мещанинов	Продолжение	Этимология	Караџић
are represented in the database as
Trubačev	Meščaninov	Prodolženie	Ètimologija	Karadžić
and must be encoded as
Trubac$ev	Mes$c$aninov	Prodolz$enie	E`timologija	Karadz$ic'

Georgian elements must be transcribed using the following Latin equivalents:

Name	Symbol	Equivalent	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Equivalent	Transcription
ani	ა	a	a		bani	ბ	b	b
gani	გ	g	g		doni	დ	d	d
eni	ე	e	e		vini	ვ	v	v
zeni	ზ	z	z		ey	ჱ	ē	e=
tani	თ	t	t		ini	ი	i	i
k'ani	კ	ḳ	k%		lasi	ლ	l	l
mani	მ	m	m		y	ჲ	y	y
nari	ნ	n	n		oni	ო	o	o
p'ari	პ	ṗ	p%		zhani	ჟ	ž	z$
rae	რ	r	r		sani	ს	s	s
t'ari	ტ	ṭ	t%		uni	უ	u	u
w	ჳ	w	w		pari	ფ	p	p
kani	ქ	k	k		ghani	ღ	ġ	g@
q'ari	ყ	q̇	q%		shini	შ	š	s$
chini	ჩ	č	c$		cani	ც	c	c
dzili	ძ	dz	dz		c'ili	წ	c̣	c%
ch'ari	ჭ	č̣	c$%		xani	ხ	x	x
q	ჴ	q	q		dzhani	ჯ	dž	dz$
hae	ჰ	h	h		hoe	ჵ	ō	o=

Examples:
შანიძე	ჯავახიშვილი	ლექსიკონი	ტექსტები	ვეფხისტყაოსანი
are represented in the database as
Šanidze	Džavaxišvili	leksiḳoni	ṭeksṭebi	vepxisṭq̇aosani
and must be encoded as
S$anidze	Dz$avaxis$vili	leksik%oni	t%ekst%ebi	vepxist%q%aosani

Armenian elements must be transcribed using the following Latin equivalents:

Name	Symbol	Equivalent	Transcription		Name	Symbol	Equivalent	Transcription
	Ա	A	A			ա	a	a
	Բ	B	B			բ	b	b
	Գ	G	G			գ	g	g
	Դ	D	D			դ	d	d
	Ե	E	E			ե	e	e
	Զ	Z	Z			զ	z	z
	Է	Ē	E=			է	ē	e=
	Ը	E	E%			ղ	ə	e%
	Թ	Tՙ	T'			թ	tՙ	t'
	Ժ	Ž	Z$			ժ	ž	z$
	Ի	I	I			ի	i	i
	Լ	L	L			լ	l	l
	Խ	X	X			խ	x	x
	Ծ	C	C			ծ	c	c
	Կ	K	K			կ	k	k
	Հ	H	H			հ	h	h
	Ձ	J	J			ձ	j	j
	Ղ	Ł	L=			ղ	ł	l=
	Ճ	Č	C$			ճ	č	c$
	Մ	M	M			մ	m	m
	Յ	Y	Y			յ	y	y
	Ն	N	N			մ	n	n
	Շ	Š	S$			շ	š	s$
	Ո	O	O			ո	o	o
	Չ	Čՙ	C$'			չ	čՙ	c$'
	Պ	P	P			պ	p	p
	Ջ	J̌	J$			ջ	ǰ	j$
	Ռ	R̄	R=			ռ	r̄	r=
	Ս	S	S			ս	s	s
	Վ	V	V			վ	v	v
	Տ	T	T			տ	t	t
	Ր	R	R			ր	r	r
	Ց	Cՙ	C'			ց	cՙ	c'
	Ւ	W	W			ւ	w	w
	Փ	Pՙ	P'			փ	pՙ	p'
	Ք	Kՙ	K'			ք	kՙ	k'
	Օ	Ō	O=			օ	ō	o=
	Ֆ	F	F			ֆ	f	f

Examples:
are represented in the database as
and must be encoded as

Back to the TITUS homepage

written by JG,

30.10.2006